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Updated: May 14, 2026

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Negative Viral Load Follow-Up in an Untreated HIV-2 Infected Patient: A Case Report.

Deniz Gür-Altunay¹, Müge Toygar-Deniz², Murat Sayan^3,4

¹Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli City Hospital, Kocaeli, Türkiye.

Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology

|March 11, 2026

Summary

This case study reports the third instance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection in Türkiye. The diagnosed Ghanaian male, residing in Türkiye, showed no viral load or CD4+ T cell decline during a three-month observation.

Area of Science:

Virology
Infectious Diseases
Immunology

Background:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) is primarily endemic in West Africa.

Keywords:

HIV HIV-2 env protein gp36 viral load

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Cases of HIV-2 outside endemic regions are rare, making each report significant for understanding global epidemiology.

Türkiye has a very low reported incidence of HIV-2.