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Monitoring Zoo Elephant Rumble Activity Using Combined Seismic and Acoustic Data.

Fabian Limberger¹, Georg Rümpker^1,2, Ronja Wesemann¹

¹Institute of Geosciences Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany.

Ecology and Evolution

|March 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied elephant communication using seismic and acoustic sensors in a zoo, finding that seismic data reveals motion-related signals missed by acoustic sensors alone. This combined approach enhances understanding of elephant behavior and welfare.

Keywords:

bioacoustics convolutional neural networks elephant communication infrasound non‐invasive sensing seismic signals wildlife monitoring zoo animal behavior

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Area of Science:

Bioacoustics
Seismology
Animal Behavior

Background:

Elephant communication via seismic and acoustic waves is well-studied in natural habitats.
Research on seismic communication in zoo environments is limited.
Understanding zoo elephant communication is crucial for welfare.

Purpose of the Study:

Analyze low-frequency elephant rumbles in a zoo using co-located seismic and infrasound sensors.
Compare seismic and acoustic detection rates and characteristics.
Develop automated classification models for elephant vocalizations.

Main Methods:

Recorded elephant rumbles using non-invasive seismic and infrasound sensors at Opel-Zoo.
Analyzed rumble characteristics (duration, frequency) and temporal variability.
Trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on spectrograms for automated classification.

Main Results:

Over 1350 rumbles recorded, showing significant temporal variability.
Seismic data captured motion-induced signals not detectable by infrasound alone.
CNN models achieved up to 98% classification accuracy, with seismic-trained models showing better generalization.

Conclusions:

Combined seismo-acoustic monitoring provides a more comprehensive understanding of elephant communication.
Seismic data is vital for detecting motion-related signals accompanying vocalizations.
This approach can enhance monitoring of zoo elephant behavior, social interactions, and welfare.