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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Visualization and Analysis of mRNA Molecules Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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A Spatial Coding Strategy for In Situ Visualization of RNA-Specific Glycoforms.

Ben Niu1, Shuang Xie1, Ruijia Deng1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method, SpaceFRET (Spatial coded Förster resonance energy transfer), visualizes specific RNA glycoforms on live cells. This technique identifies glycan-RNA conjugation and maps glycoRNA distribution, advancing our understanding of their function.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Visualizing site-specific glycoforms of RNA on live cell surfaces is challenging due to heterogeneity and complex structures.
  • GlycoRNA heterogeneity and covalent linkages complicate direct observation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for in situ visualization of RNA-specific glycoforms.
  • To enable identification of covalent glycan-RNA conjugation and spatial distribution analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed SpaceFRET (Spatial coded Förster resonance energy transfer) integrating chemoenzymatic glycan labeling (CeGL) and a proximity-induced dual encoding system.
  • Utilized bioorthogonal chemical groups, click chemistry for FRET donor probes, and sequence-specific hairpin probes for FRET acceptors.
  • Employed strand displacement reactions for decoding glycoRNA information.

Main Results:

  • Successfully visualized sia-glycoRNA, Gal/GalNAc-glycoRNA, and LacNAc-glycoRNA.
  • Elucidated the presence of glycoRNAs on small extracellular vesicles.
  • Delineated spatial distributions of cell surface glycoRNAs and their colocalization with lipid rafts.

Conclusions:

  • SpaceFRET provides a versatile platform for profiling RNA-specific glycoforms.
  • This method holds significant promise for validating the functional mechanisms of glycoRNAs.
  • Enables detailed spatial mapping of glycoRNAs on cell surfaces and extracellular vesicles.