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Applications of Stress

Applications of Stress

Consider a structure made of a boom and a rod designed to support a load. These two components are connected by a pin and stabilized by brackets and pins. The boom and the rod are detached from their supports to assess the different stresses imposed on this structure, and a free-body diagram is drawn. Then, all the forces applied, including the load acting on the structure, are identified. The reaction forces exerted on both the boom and the rod are computed using the equilibrium equations.
The...

General State of Stress

General State of Stress

The general state of stress within a material can be accurately depicted using a stress tensor. This tensor encapsulates the internal forces distributed within a material subjected to external forces or deformations.
Specifically, consider a tetrahedral element where one face, labeled XYZ, is perpendicular to the line OA, and the remaining faces align with the coordinate axes with point O as the origin. At any point, such as point O, the stress tensor can be used to determine the stress...

Stress Concentrations

Stress Concentrations

Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...

Stress Concentrations

Stress Concentrations

The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
The stress...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Evaluation of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Wrist Wearables to Estimate Stress on Students

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Published on: June 16, 2018

Using Semiautomated WhatsApp Messages for Daily Stress Measurements: Integrated Usability and Feasibility Study.

Janika Thielecke^1,2, Maartje Bakhuys Roozeboom¹, Irene Niks¹

¹Work and Heath, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Sylviusweg 71, Leiden, 7415 NC, The Netherlands.

JMIR Formative Research

|March 11, 2026

Summary

Daily work stress can be effectively measured using WhatsApp messages, with multiple-choice and text options showing higher adherence and richer data than voice messages. This method offers a feasible approach for collecting granular stress insights.

Keywords:

AI artificial intelligence chatbot diary study digital stress assessment feasibility journalling monitoring usability whatsApp work stress

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Published on: February 3, 2022

Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Digital Health
Psychological Assessment

Background:

Workplace stress significantly impacts health and performance.
Traditional stress assessments are often retrospective and lack granularity.
Smartphone-based daily stress monitoring faces adherence challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the usability and feasibility of using semiautomated WhatsApp messages for daily work stress data collection.
To compare the effectiveness of voice, text, and multiple-choice (MC) message formats in gathering stress-related information.
To explore participant preferences for different data collection methods via WhatsApp.

Main Methods:

A 10-workday diary study involving 210 workers using semiautomated WhatsApp messages.
An experimental design with four groups comparing voice, text, and MC messages, with and without emojis.
Data collection included daily stress ratings, stressors, energy sources, and post-study usability questionnaires.

Main Results:

High adherence (95%) was achieved with WhatsApp-based data collection.
Participants preferred multiple-choice and text messages over voice messages for ease and convenience.
The MC-condition yielded approximately three times more stressors per week compared to the voice condition, with similar average stress levels.

Conclusions:

Semiautomated WhatsApp messages offer a feasible and low-effort method for collecting daily work stress data.
Multiple-choice and text message formats are preferred by users and yield more detailed information on stressors.
Further research should investigate this method in diverse populations and compare it with traditional assessment techniques.