Plant structural biology: Emerging technologies and future biological insights

Area of Science:

• Plant biology
• Structural biology
• Biophysics

Background:

• Plant structural biology is rapidly advancing due to innovations in cryo-electron microscopy, tomography, and AI-driven predictions.
• Despite progress, plant proteins are underrepresented in structural databases due to challenges in sample preparation, in situ imaging, and capturing molecular dynamics.
• Plants offer unique systems for structural studies, including photosynthesis, cellulose synthesis, and immune receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the key frontiers and challenges in plant structural biology.
• To highlight critical biological questions requiring structural insights.
• To advocate for investment in infrastructure, training, and collaboration.

Main Methods:

• Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography
• AI-based computational prediction
• Integration of structural biology with omics data

Main Results:

• Near-atomic resolution studies are now possible for previously intractable plant macromolecular machines.
• Persistent challenges in sample preparation and in situ imaging hinder progress.
• Unique plant systems like photosynthetic apparatus and cellulose synthase rosettes are prime targets for structural investigation.

Conclusions:

• Advancements in technology and conceptual shifts are needed to fully explore plant molecular landscapes.
• Focusing on key areas like photosynthesis, hormone signaling, and immunity will yield significant insights.
• Investment in infrastructure and collaborative networks is essential for the field's growth and its contribution to agriculture and sustainability.