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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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Knee and hip joint dynamics differ between sprinting and Nordic hamstring exercises.

Kristen Steudel1, Nicos Haralabidis2, Reed Gurchiek3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sprinting places greater strain on the biceps femoris long head (BFLH) muscle compared to the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE). This study quantifies these biomechanical differences to inform hamstring injury prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Biomechanical loadsExercise selectionHamstring strain injuriesInverse dynamicsMuscle–tendon unit

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Sprinting and the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) are utilized to mitigate hamstring injury risk.
  • The precise biomechanical distinctions between sprinting and NHE remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the knee and hip joint kinematics and kinetics between sprinting and the NHE.
  • To analyze the biceps femoris long head (BFLH) muscle-tendon unit length and velocity during both activities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized motion capture and force data from 14 athletes performing running (4-8 m/s) and NHE.
  • Employed musculoskeletal modeling to calculate joint kinematics, kinetics, and BFLH muscle-tendon unit parameters.
  • Conducted an exploratory analysis comparing biomechanical demands across different running speeds and the NHE.

Main Results:

  • Sprinting exposed the BFLH to significantly longer muscle lengths and higher lengthening velocities than the NHE.
  • The NHE involved lower peak knee flexion moments and negative powers compared to sprinting at higher speeds.
  • Despite lower peak demands, the prolonged duration of NHE repetitions resulted in greater total negative knee work at lower running speeds.

Conclusions:

  • Sprinting imposes greater peak mechanical stress on the BFLH compared to the NHE.
  • The NHE may offer a different, potentially less intense, stimulus for hamstring adaptation.
  • Quantitative biomechanical data are provided to differentiate the demands of sprinting and NHE for injury prevention.