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Real-Time Type 1 Diabetes Self-Management Decision-Making in Adolescents: Protocol for a Longitudinal Mixed Methods

Melissa DeJonckheere1,2, Samantha A Chuisano2, Juniar Lucien2

  • 1Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

JMIR Research Protocols
|March 11, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores how adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) make self-management decisions using devices like continuous glucose monitors (CGM). Findings will identify factors influencing daily diabetes management and inform future interventions for better glycemic control.

Keywords:
CGMSMS text messagingadolescentcontinuous glucose monitoringdiabetesmixed methodsqualitative researchself-managementtype 1 diabetesyouth

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face challenges in self-management despite continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) adoption.
  • Low engagement with diabetes device data is common, impacting glycemic control.
  • Understanding psychosocial influences on daily self-management is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a grounded theory of self-management decision-making in adolescents with T1D using diabetes devices.
  • Assess the feasibility and acceptability of longitudinal, real-time qualitative data collection in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-week mixed-methods study involving adolescents (12-18 years) with T1D using CGMs.
  • Data collection includes baseline surveys, 30-day SMS text message surveys, CGM data, and interviews.
  • Grounded theory and convergent mixed methods design integrating qualitative and quantitative data.

Main Results:

  • 25 participants enrolled as of December 2025.
  • Expected SMS text message survey and CGM completion rates near 70%.
  • Full findings anticipated in subsequent years via publications and presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Real-time mixed methods research enhances understanding of adolescent T1D self-management decision-making.
  • Identifies facilitators and barriers to optimal T1D self-management in daily life.
  • Informs future research utilizing real-time qualitative and mixed methods approaches.