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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Published on: February 7, 2025

When infant microbes guide mom's milk.

Rosemary Abdoul Ahad¹, Nora Joseph¹, Ziad Al Nabhani¹

¹Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland.

Trends in Microbiology

|March 11, 2026

Summary

Early infant gut microbiome composition influences maternal milk nutrient and metabolite levels. This finding reveals a bidirectional communication within the mother-infant dyad, challenging previous assumptions.

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Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

Microbiome Research
Maternal-Infant Health
Nutritional Science

Background:

The maternal milk microbiome is traditionally viewed as a primary driver of infant gut microbial colonization.
Limited understanding exists regarding potential feedback mechanisms from the infant gut to maternal milk composition.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether early infant gut microbiome states can predict subsequent changes in maternal milk nutrients and metabolites.
To explore the concept of developmentally timed feedback loops within the mother-infant dyad.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal analysis of infant gut microbiome composition.
Measurement of maternal milk nutrient and metabolite profiles over time.
Statistical modeling to identify correlations between infant microbiome and maternal milk parameters.

Main Results:

Early infant gut microbiome states were found to significantly predict later alterations in maternal milk nutrient and metabolite concentrations.
Evidence suggests a feedback mechanism originating from the infant gut influencing maternal milk composition.

Conclusions:

The study challenges the unidirectional model of milk influencing infant gut microbes.
A bidirectional communication system between the infant gut microbiome and maternal milk exists, highlighting a dynamic mother-infant dyad.
These findings have implications for understanding infant development, maternal health, and nutritional programming.