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Textile Radio-Frequency Active Devices and Systems: Wireless Communication and Energy Harvesting.

Wenzhe Song^1,2, Hao Chen^1,2, Zhenghao Kou^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

Research (Washington, D.C.)

|March 12, 2026

Summary

Researchers are advancing radio-frequency (RF) electronics in smart textiles for wearable applications. This review highlights progress in textile-based RF devices, focusing on integrated systems for sensing and communication.

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Materials Science
Wearable Technology

Background:

Conventional rigid radio-frequency (RF) systems lack conformability for wearable applications.
Smart textiles offer a flexible substrate for integrating RF electronics.
Opportunities exist in health monitoring, environmental sensing, and wireless communication.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in textile-based RF active devices.
To discuss the transition towards fully integrated, intelligent textile RF platforms.
To identify challenges and future directions in this field.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of recent progress in textile-based RF active devices.
Analysis of reconfigurable antennas, tunable metasurfaces, and multifunctional RF systems.
Discussion of fabrication, tunability, and system architecture challenges.

Main Results:

Significant progress in textile-based RF active devices like antennas and metasurfaces.
Emergence of integrated platforms for energy harvesting, low-power communication, and distributed sensing.
Identification of critical challenges in fabrication, tunable RF response, and system design.

Conclusions:

Textile RF systems are moving towards autonomous, adaptive, and networked platforms.
Convergence of wireless functionality and system-level co-design is key for next-gen wearables.
Future research should focus on systematic performance enhancement and complex system integration.