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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Osteoporosis and gut microbiota: current understandings.

Yikai Liu1, Shuai Lu1,2, Ruifeng Bai3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

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Gut microbiota (GM) significantly impacts osteoporosis (OP) development. Modulating gut bacteria with probiotics may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for managing bone density loss and preventing fractures.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bone Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Osteoporosis (OP) is a common condition in older adults, marked by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk.
  • The imbalance between bone resorption and formation is central to OP pathogenesis.
  • Emerging research highlights the gut microbiota's (GM) crucial role in OP development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how gut microbiota influences osteoporosis pathogenesis.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which GM affects bone metabolism, including metabolite production, intestinal barrier function, and immune regulation.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting GM for OP intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on gut microbiota and osteoporosis.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking GM to bone health, immunity, and intestinal barrier integrity.
  • Synthesis of findings on the impact of dysbiosis and probiotics on bone metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Gut dysbiosis can accelerate OP progression, while beneficial bacteria (probiotics) may support bone health.
  • GM influences OP through metabolite production, modulation of intestinal permeability, and regulation of immune and osteoimmune responses.
  • Specific bacterial species and their metabolites are increasingly recognized as key players in bone remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota presents a promising avenue for novel OP prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Further research into the gut-bone axis is essential for developing effective microbiome-based therapies for osteoporosis.