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Updated: May 7, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Comprehensive Review of the Imaging of Adult Facial Nerve Reanimation
James Ryan Loftus1, Danielle F Eytan2, Vinh Nguyen3
1From the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section (J.R.L., V.N., G.N., G.M., M.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York james.loftus@nyulangone.org.
Abstract:
Facial nerve palsy is a debilitating condition with substantial physical and psychosocial impacts. Facial reanimation encompasses surgical reconstructive procedures aimed at restoring the functions of the facial nerve to improve function and quality of life in patients with facial palsy. This educational review outlines the essential principles for interpreting imaging studies for facial reanimation including fundamental anatomy, technical descriptions and imaging appearances of common reconstructive procedures, and key findings that should be included when reporting studies for patients being considered for facial reanimation. The information provided in this review equips radiologists to contribute effectively to a multidisciplinary team necessary for the treatment of patients with facial nerve palsy.
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