[Annual progress in the clinical management and research of bronchiectasis 2025]

This review provides a concise overview of research advances in bronchiectasis between October 1, 2024 and September 30, 2025. The management of bronchiectasis is increasingly moving toward precision medicine. Recent studies have further elucidated the interplay between the airway microbiome and host immunity, highlighting the central roles of microbial diversity and inflammatory networks driven by immune cells. Characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, type 2 helper T-cell responses, or specific microbial communities, distinct endotypes and phenotypes have been identified, paving the way for individualized therapeutic strategies. Innovations in diagnostic technologies have significantly enhanced the objectivity and accuracy of disease evaluation, risk stratification, and etiological diagnosis. Breakthroughs have also been made in therapeutic strategies: dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibitors targeting neutrophilic inflammation have demonstrated potential to delay disease progression in clinical trials. Management strategies that address prognostically relevant risk factors and comorbidities have also become more clearly defined. Future efforts to integrate multidimensional biological data for identifying treatable traits will be critical for achieving precision management and improving long-term outcomes in bronchiectasis.