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Assessment of Micro-TRAIN simulation in otologic microsurgery.

T Julian1, D Bonnard2, T Gimenez1

  • 1Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France.

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
|March 12, 2026
PubMed
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The Micro-TRAIN simulator effectively teaches otologic microsurgery skills. This validated training kit improves performance for novices and intermediate surgeons, with debriefing enhancing skill acquisition.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Simulation
  • Surgical Education
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Temporal bone drilling simulators aid anatomical and motor skill development.
  • Existing simulators lack focus on fine microsurgical gestures with micro-instruments.
  • A need exists for specialized otologic microsurgery training tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the Micro-TRAIN kit and simulation program for otologic microsurgery training.
  • To assess the simulator's effectiveness in improving microsurgical skills.
  • To evaluate content validity, face validity, and participant satisfaction.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective single-center comparative study using the Micro-TRAIN kit (mannequin, 6 modules).
  • Two simulation sessions conducted two months apart with debriefing for subgroups.
Keywords:
Educational technologyMicrosurgeryOtologic surgical proceduresPsychomotor performanceSimulation training

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  • Performance assessed in novices, intermediate, and expert groups based on task completion time, execution time, and technical skills.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant performance differences observed between groups in session 1.
    • Novice and intermediate groups demonstrated improvement between sessions.
    • Debriefing led to greater performance improvements in novice and intermediate participants.

    Conclusions:

    • The Micro-TRAIN simulator is validated for content, face, and construct.
    • It proves to be an effective tool for acquiring otologic microsurgical skills.
    • The simulator enhances anatomical knowledge and motor skills for otologic procedures.