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Prevalence of Risk Factors and their Association with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Single-centre Retrospective Study in
Roshni Singh1, Bhumi Chaturvedi1, Hemant Bareth1
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nims Institute of Pharmacy, Nims University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is significantly increased by smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and high triglycerides, especially in rural populations. Addressing these modifiable factors is crucial for reducing CVD burden.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology and Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant global health challenge with rising prevalence and mortality.
- Key risk factors include diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, hypertension, and obesity.
- Identifying CVD outcome predictors is essential for improving healthcare and reducing disease burden.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate predictive factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes.
- To identify associations between clinical and behavioral variables and CVD outcomes in a specific population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 697 patients.
- Data collection included demographics, lifestyle habits, clinical measurements, and comorbidities.
- Statistical analyses were performed to determine associations between factors and CVD outcomes.
Main Results:
- Analysis of 697 participants (70.7% male, mean age 58.09 years), with a majority from rural areas.
- Prevalent factors included smoking (52.8%) and elevated triglycerides.
- Significant risk factors for CVD were smoking, high triglycerides, hypertension, and diabetes; smokers were 2.59 times more likely to develop CVD.
Conclusions:
- Key CVD risk factors identified in a rural Indian population include smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol.
- CVD development was strongly associated with multiple modifiable risk factors, emphasizing cumulative lifestyle and clinical impacts.
- Comprehensive strategies promoting healthy habits and policy changes are needed to mitigate risks and reduce CVD incidence.
Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health burden with increasing prevalence rates and high morbidity and mortality rates. CVD has a variety of clinical and lifestyle risk factors, including, but not limited to, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, chronic smoking, hypertension, and obesity. Predictors of CVD outcomes need to be identified to advance healthcare practices and decrease disease burden.
Methods:
This retrospective study evaluated predictive factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in 697 patients, considering a range of clinical and behavioral variables. Data collected included demographics, lifestyle habits (e.g., smoking, alcohol use), clinical measurements (e.g., blood pressure, lipid profiles), and comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes). Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between these factors and CVD outcomes.
Results:
Data from 697 participants were analyzed (29.3% female, 70.7% male), with a mean age of 58.09 ± 13.14 years. The majority of participants resided in rural areas (66.1%). Smoking (52.8%) and elevated triglycerides were prevalent among participants. The most significant risk factors associated with CVD development were smoking, high triglycerides, hypertension, and diabetes. Smokers were 2.59 times more likely to develop CVD in the presence of these risk factors.
Discussion:
In this high-burden rural population in Rajasthan, India, several key CVD risk factors were identified, including smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol. Notably, even smokers who reported relatively healthier lifestyles were still affected. CVD development was strongly associated with multiple modifiable risk factors, highlighting the cumulative impact of lifestyle and clinical determinants.
Conclusion:
This study underscores the significant influence of lifestyle and clinical factors, such as smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, on cardiovascular disease risk. These findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate these risks by promoting healthy habits, improving healthcare access, and strengthening public health policies. Implementing such measures can reduce CVD incidence and improve overall population health outcomes.
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