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Related Concept Videos

Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
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Bile01:19

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Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor Treatment with Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
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Left-sided gall bladder: From surprise to safe exit.

Jai Krishnan Srikanth1, Revanth E Kalichetty, Parag Dhumane

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, Cornwall, UK.

Journal of Minimal Access Surgery
|March 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Left-sided gallbladder (LSGB) is a rare variant increasing bile duct injury risk. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe for LSGB with polyps and biliary dyskinesia using critical view of safety and intraoperative imaging.

Keywords:
Biliary dyskinesiagall bladder polypleft-sided gall bladdersinistroposition

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Gastroenterology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Left-sided gallbladder (LSGB) is a rare congenital anomaly.
  • LSGB increases the risk of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy.
  • Concurrent gallbladder pathology, such as polyps and biliary dyskinesia, can complicate LSGB management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of true LSGB with gallbladder polyps and biliary dyskinesia.
  • To demonstrate the safe laparoscopic management of this complex anatomical variant.
  • To emphasize the importance of critical view of safety and intraoperative imaging.

Main Methods:

  • A 57-year-old male with symptomatic LSGB underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  • Surgical technique involved modified port placement and intraoperative ultrasound.
  • Adherence to the critical view of safety was paramount during dissection.

Main Results:

  • The gallbladder was unexpectedly found on the left side of the falciform ligament.
  • Intraoperative ultrasound confirmed a short cystic duct.
  • The procedure was completed successfully without bile spillage or injury.
  • Histology revealed chronic cholecystitis without dysplasia.

Conclusions:

  • True LSGB, even with polyps and biliary dyskinesia, can be safely managed laparoscopically.
  • Meticulous surgical technique, including the critical view of safety and adjunctive imaging, is crucial.
  • This approach minimizes the risk of bile duct injury in complex LSGB cases.