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Francieli P Berling1, Viviane B G Bacaro1, Ricardo I de Paschoal1

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mTOR pathway activity, crucial for cell growth, is elevated in bovine trophectoderm cells during early embryonic development. This suggests mTOR

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Signaling Pathways
  • Embryology

Background:

  • The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival.
  • Nutrient and growth factor availability significantly influence mTOR activity, impacting embryonic development.
  • In mouse models, mTOR signaling is implicated in trophectoderm (TE) formation, the first differentiation event in early embryos.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that mTOR pathway activity is increased in cells differentiating into TE and in established TE cells of early bovine embryos.
  • To characterize the temporal and spatial dynamics of mTOR activity during bovine preimplantation development.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence detection of phosphorylated S6 (pS6), a downstream marker of mTOR activation.
  • Confocal microscopy for high-resolution imaging of pS6 localization in bovine embryos.
  • Analysis of pS6 expression in morula, early blastocyst, and late blastocyst stages.

Main Results:

  • Phospho-S6 (pS6) signal, indicative of mTOR activity, was detected in the outer cells of bovine morulae.
  • Elevated pS6 activity was observed in the trophectoderm (TE) of early bovine blastocysts.
  • pS6 signal diminished in the TE of late bovine blastocysts, indicating a transient pattern of mTOR activity.

Conclusions:

  • mTOR pathway activation is specifically localized to trophectoderm cells during early bovine embryonic development.
  • The observed pattern suggests a crucial role for mTOR signaling in TE differentiation and/or function in cattle.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise functions of mTOR in bovine TE development.