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Universal Basic Income Plus (UBI Plus) pilots combine cash transfers with social support. This study found UBI Plus effectively addresses material, psychological, and relational needs, advocating for its use in social interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Economics
  • Development Studies

Background:

  • Universal Basic Income (UBI) pilots are expanding, yet cash alone may not suffice for transformation.
  • UBI Plus pilots integrate unconditional cash transfers with additional social interventions.
  • A needs-based approach is crucial for evaluating comprehensive social programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the WorkFREE UBI Plus pilot in India using a mixed-methods, needs-based approach.
  • To assess the impact of unconditional cash transfers combined with needs-focused meetings on participants' well-being.
  • To analyze the effectiveness of UBI Plus in meeting fundamental human needs.

Main Methods:

  • Mixed-methods evaluation of the WorkFREE UBI Plus pilot (2020-2024) involving over 1,400 slum residents in India.
  • Utilized Manfred Max-Neef's framework of fundamental human needs for evaluation.
  • Combined quantitative data from three household surveys with qualitative data from two years of participant engagement.

Main Results:

  • UBI Plus demonstrated a synergistic effect, enabling participants to better meet material, psychological, and relational needs.
  • The combination of cash transfers and 'Plus meetings' proved effective in enhancing overall participant well-being.
  • Evidence suggests UBI Plus is more effective than cash alone in fostering comprehensive human development.

Conclusions:

  • UBI Plus pilots show significant promise in addressing a wider spectrum of human needs beyond material provision.
  • A needs-based framework is valuable for designing and evaluating social interventions.
  • While acknowledging limitations, particularly regarding social and gendered differences, UBI Plus warrants advocacy for its potential in poverty reduction and social development.