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Related Concept Videos

Directional Terms01:14

Directional Terms

Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to the body's upright...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four quadrants...
Centroid of a Body01:16

Centroid of a Body

The centroid is an important concept in engineering, physics, and mechanics. It is the geometric center of a body. It always lies within the body except in cases with holes or cavities. When the material that a body is composed of is uniform or homogeneous, the centroid coincides with its center of mass or the center of gravity.
For a homogeneous body with constant density, the centroid can usually be found using equations representing a balance of the moments of the body's volume. If the...
Assessment of the Abdomen III: Palpation01:23

Assessment of the Abdomen III: Palpation

Palpation is a crucial tactile examination method for assessing abdominal organs and detecting conditions like tenderness, distention, masses, or fluid. It involves both light and deep palpation techniques, each serving specific diagnostic purposes. Light palpation helps identify tenderness and other surface-level indicators, while deep palpation locates and assess abdominal masses and organ boundaries. A skilled professional can gather valuable insights through palpation, including evaluating...
Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion01:18

Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion

Percussion is a fundamental technique used to assess the liver, spleen, and abdominal organs by tapping the abdomen and interpreting the resulting sounds. This method helps identify fluid, distention, and masses through variations in sound, such as the high-pitched tympany of air-filled areas and the dullness of solid masses. Understanding how to percuss these organs provides valuable information for healthcare professionals in diagnosing conditions early.
Percussion
Percussion is an essential...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Minimally Invasive Thumb-sized Pterional Craniotomy for Surgical Clip Ligation of Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms
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Minimally Invasive Far Lateral Approach to the Ventrolateral Skull Base: A Single-Center Experience.

Julian Brown1, Robert C Rennert2, Emma R Earl1

  • 1Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.

Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
|March 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new minimally invasive retroauricular incision for far lateral craniotomy offers a safe alternative for ventrolateral skull base lesions. This approach demonstrates effective tumor resection and low complication rates in selected patients.

Keywords:
CraniotomyFar lateral approachRetroauricular approachminimally invasivevertebral artery

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Skull Base Surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Techniques

Background:

  • The far lateral craniotomy is a standard surgical approach for accessing ventrolateral skull base lesions.
  • Traditional midline incisions can be associated with significant morbidity.
  • Minimally invasive variations aim to reduce surgical trauma while maintaining efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a minimally invasive curvilinear retroauricular incision as a variation to the traditional far lateral craniotomy.
  • To assess complication rates, postoperative deficits, and recurrence rates associated with this approach.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing far lateral craniotomy via a curvilinear retroauricular approach.
  • Data collected from January 2012 to January 2025.
  • Primary outcomes included complications, postoperative deficits, and tumor recurrence.

Main Results:

  • 56 craniotomies were performed in 54 patients (mean age 53.3 years; 61.1% female).
  • Indications included tumors (80.4%) and vascular lesions (19.6%).
  • Gross total resection was achieved in 82.6% of tumor cases, with a 16.1% complication rate and 14.8% incidence of new postoperative deficits.

Conclusions:

  • The minimally invasive retroauricular curvilinear incision is a safe and effective alternative for selected ventrolateral skull base lesions.
  • It offers favorable rates of gross total resection and a low complication profile.
  • This approach is suitable for patients not requiring destabilizing surgery.