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Integrating immunization-trained pharmacy technicians into pharmacy workflow: A qualitative analysis of best
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
|March 13, 2026
Summary
Two pharmacy workflow models were identified to optimize vaccine delivery using regulated pharmacy technicians (RPhTs). These models improve patient access and pharmacist availability for clinical services, enhancing overall care.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Practice
- Public Health
- Healthcare Workflow Optimization
Background:
- Increasing patient demand for vaccines in community pharmacies necessitates efficient workflows.
- Integrating immunization-trained regulated pharmacy technicians (RPhTs) can alleviate pharmacist workload.
- Identifying optimal RPhT integration models is crucial for effective vaccine service delivery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe best practices for vaccination workflows incorporating RPhTs.
- To evaluate the impact of RPhT integration on pharmacy workflow, professional motivation, and patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Conducted semi-structured interviews with ten RPhT-pharmacist pairs.
- Utilized inductive thematic analysis to identify key themes in RPhT roles and workflow impacts.
Main Results:
- Identified two models: 'High Efficiency' (assistants manage intake/flow, RPhT vaccinates) and 'Flex and Protect' (RPhT handles intake, vaccination, and dispensary support).
- RPhT integration improved pharmacist availability for clinical services, workload distribution, and reduced errors.
- Increased RPhT vaccination enhanced patient access, decreased wait times, and improved recognition of RPhT contributions.
Conclusions:
- Two distinct workflow models effectively utilize pharmacy staff skills and manage patient volume.
- These models balance vaccination needs with dispensary operations and staffing considerations.
- Further research is recommended to quantify impacts on efficiency, wait times, errors, and clinical care.
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