Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Risk Clustering Among Rural Community-Dwelling Older
1Department of Nursing, Bucheon University, 56 Sosa-ro, Bucheon-si 14774, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
Summary
Low vitamin D levels are linked to more cardiometabolic risk factors in older rural adults. Maintaining sufficient vitamin D may help reduce the clustering of these risks.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiometabolic risk factor clustering is prevalent in older adults, increasing morbidity and mortality.
- Understanding factors influencing this clustering is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and cardiometabolic risk factor clustering.
- To examine this relationship in rural, community-dwelling older adults.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of 432 adults aged ≥65 years from the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
- Cardiometabolic risk factor clustering defined as ≥2 conditions: abdominal obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia.
- Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral factors.
Main Results:
- Higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering was observed in participants with vitamin D deficiency (<15 ng/mL) compared to sufficient levels (66.0% vs. 44.9%).
- Vitamin D sufficiency (≥15 ng/mL) was associated with significantly lower odds of clustering (aOR=0.422, p=0.010) after adjustment.
- Meeting physical activity guidelines was also associated with reduced odds of clustering (AOR=0.450, p=0.023).
Conclusions:
- Lower serum 25(OH)D status is associated with a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering in rural older adults.
- Findings suggest vitamin D assessment and lifestyle interventions are important in community health nursing for this population.
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