Short-Term Annealing Effect on Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Amorphous Al₈₇Y₄Gd₁Ni₄Fe₄

This work investigates the structural evolution and electrocatalytic activity of the amorphous metal alloy Al₈₇Y₄Gd₁Ni₄Fe₄ during short-term annealing and its effect on the kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 M KOH. It is shown that a 5 min heat treatment at 647 ± 2 K initiates controlled nanocrystallisation with the formation of AlFe₂Ni, GdFe₂ and Al(X) (X = Gd, Ni, Y, Fe) phases, which are uniformly dispersed in the amorphous matrix. According to XRD, DSC and HRTEM data, it was established that the formation of intermetallic nanodomains leads to a decrease in charge transfer energy barriers and the appearance of additional active centres of H* adsorption. Electrochemical studies have shown an increase in cathode current density, an increase in i₀ by 2-3 orders of magnitude, and a decrease in R_ct after annealing, confirming the improvement in HER kinetics. Potentiostatic tests showed an increase in the volumetric hydrogen evolution rate from 35.1 to 106.0 mL/(g·min) during the first immersion and up to 217.9 mL/(g·min) during reuse. SEM/EDS analysis revealed surface reconstruction and Ni enrichment after HER, which contributes to the acceleration of the H* recombination stage. The synergy of the amorphous matrix and nanophases ensures high electrocatalytic activity and stability of the system, making annealed AMA a promising low-cost catalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution.