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Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...

Fatigue

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...

Corrosion of Reinforcement

Corrosion of Reinforcement

The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

Non-structural cracks are primarily of three types: plastic, early-age thermal, and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic cracks are further classified into plastic shrinkage cracks and plastic settlement cracks.
Plastic shrinkage cracks typically form within hours after the concrete is poured. The concrete's surface dries faster than the bottom, creating tensile stress that the still-plastic concrete cannot withstand, leading to diagonal or randomly patterned cracks on the concrete surface.

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

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Published on: January 16, 2019

Stress Corrosion Cracking: Mechanisms, Materials Challenges, and Engineering Solutions.

Lincoln Pinoski¹, Subin Antony Jose¹, Pradeep L Menezes¹

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 14, 2026

Summary

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a critical failure mechanism in engineering components. This review synthesizes SCC mechanisms, material susceptibility, environmental factors, testing, and mitigation strategies for engineers.

Keywords:

electrochemical characterization environmental degradation high entropy alloys mechanical integrity stress corrosion cracking

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Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

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Published on: January 16, 2019

Experimental Multiscale Methodology for Predicting Material Fouling Resistance

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Applicability Analysis of Assessment Methods for Morphological Parameters of Corroded Steel Bars

Applicability Analysis of Assessment Methods for Morphological Parameters of Corroded Steel Bars

Published on: November 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Corrosion Science

Background:

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a significant failure mode in critical infrastructure.
It results from the combined effects of tensile stress and corrosive environments.
SCC affects industries like aerospace, nuclear, oil and gas, and marine engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
To synthesize current understanding of SCC mechanisms, material susceptibility, environmental influences, testing methods, and mitigation strategies.
To offer actionable insights for mechanical engineers in designing and maintaining components against SCC.

Main Methods:

Literature synthesis of SCC mechanisms (film rupture, hydrogen embrittlement, adsorption-induced cleavage).
Evaluation of material susceptibility in various alloys (steels, Al, Ni-based, Ti, HEAs).
Examination of environmental factors (chemistry, temperature, pH, gases) and advanced testing methodologies (SSRT, electrochemical monitoring, microscopy).

Main Results:

Identified key SCC mechanisms and influencing environmental factors.
Assessed material susceptibility across a range of alloys, including emerging high-entropy alloys.
Highlighted advanced testing techniques and engineering mitigation strategies (material selection, stress reduction, surface treatments, environmental control).

Conclusions:

SCC is a complex phenomenon requiring a multi-faceted approach for mitigation.
Emerging trends like machine learning and additive manufacturing show promise for predicting and preventing SCC.
This review equips engineers with knowledge for safeguarding components in demanding environments.