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Related Concept Videos

Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

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Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
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Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
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Effect of Titanium Dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) Incorporation on the Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements: A Systematic Review.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
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Correction: Walewicz et al. Effect of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Pain Intensity, Functional Efficiency, and Postural Control Parameters in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. <i>J. Clin. Med.</i> 2020, <i>9</i>, 568.

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Modifications of Resorbable Root Canal Filling Materials for Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review.

Anna Błaszczyk-Pośpiech1, Sylwia Kiryk2, Natalia Nawrot3

  • 1Pre-Clinical Research Center, Wrocław Medical University, Karola Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
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Modifications to resorbable root canal filling materials for primary teeth show promising antimicrobial activity in vitro. However, limited clinical data necessitates further research to confirm their superiority over conventional options.

Keywords:
antimicrobial agentsmodificationsprimary teethpulpectomyroot canal filling material

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Primary teeth require specialized root canal filling materials.
  • Assessing material modifications is crucial for improving treatment outcomes.
  • Understanding antimicrobial performance is key to preventing secondary infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review material-based modifications of resorbable root canal filling materials for primary teeth.
  • To evaluate the influence of compositional changes on antimicrobial performance.
  • To assess the impact of bioactive additives, antimicrobial agents, and alternative matrices.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase.
  • Search terms focused on primary teeth, root canal filling materials, and antimicrobial agents.
  • Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 standards and PICO framework, with 18 studies included.

Main Results:

  • Modified zinc oxide-based materials were most frequently studied.
  • Additives like propolis, Morinda citrifolia, Aloe vera, and olive oil improved outcomes.
  • Triclosan showed strong antibacterial effects, while chlorhexidine results were variable. Antibiotic-enriched materials were effective but raised resistance concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Most modifications enhance antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties in vitro.
  • Clinical evidence is limited and heterogeneous, preventing definitive conclusions on superiority.
  • Further long-term, randomized clinical trials are needed to validate laboratory findings.