MMP-2 and MMP-9 Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Levels in Relation to Insulin Resistance in a Polish Cohort

Insulin resistance is a vital component in the diagnosis of prediabetes. Understanding the factors that influence its development and the course of metabolic disorders should include individual genetic predispositions, which may provide insight into etiology and potential prevention strategies. In this study, we examined associations between MMP-2 -1306 C/T (rs243865) and MMP-9 -1562 C/T (rs3918242) single-nucleotide polymorphisms, serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, and the occurrence of insulin resistance in patients in a Polish cohort. DNA isolated from 200 unrelated individuals was studied; participants were divided into insulin-resistant and control groups based on the homeostatic model assessment criteria (HOMA-IR). Genotyping of MMP-2 -1306 C/T (rs243865) and MMP-9 -1562 C/T (rs3918242) SNPs was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Serum MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). No significant associations were observed between the investigated MMP-2 and MMP-9 polymorphisms or TIMP-1 concentrations and the occurrence of insulin resistance. MMP-9 exhibited genotype-related variation, and MMP-2 concentrations differed between the IR and CTR groups. No significant correlations were found between MMP-2 or MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Our data do not support a direct association between the analyzed polymorphisms and insulin resistance in this sample. The observed higher MMP-2 levels in controls warrant further study. Larger, multi-ethnic studies are required to confirm these findings.