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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
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The Plasma Glycome Differences Between Women with PCOS and Healthy Controls.

Madison Holman1, Sophie Jie Li2, Mary M Ahern3

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to altered plasma glycan profiles, with reduced hybrid-type and increased tetraantennary glycans observed. These glycan changes may correlate with androgen levels in women with PCOS.

Keywords:
PCOSglycomehybrid-type glycanstestosteronetetraantennary glycans

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Glycomics
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) research traditionally focuses on genomic and metabolic factors.
  • The plasma glycome, a key component of protein function, remains underexplored in PCOS.
  • Understanding glycan alterations could offer new insights into PCOS pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in the plasma glycome between women with PCOS and age-matched healthy controls.
  • To identify specific glycan structures associated with PCOS.
  • To explore potential correlations between glycan profiles and hormonal status in PCOS.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study comparing 47 women with PCOS and 25 healthy controls.
  • Plasma samples analyzed for glycome using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS).
  • Clinical and biochemical parameters including body composition, glucose, insulin, leptin, and androgens were measured.

Main Results:

  • Women with PCOS exhibited higher body weight, body fat, leptin, insulin, and glucose levels.
  • A significant reduction in hybrid-type N-glycans and a modest increase in tetraantennary glycans were found in the PCOS group.
  • Glycan profile distinguished PCOS with high accuracy (AUROC: 0.81), even after adjusting for body weight and fat mass.
  • Total testosterone positively correlated with tetraantennary glycans in women with PCOS (r = 0.322, p = 0.029).

Conclusions:

  • Novel findings reveal distinct plasma N-glycan profiles in women with PCOS, characterized by decreased hybrid-type and increased tetraantennary structures.
  • These glycan alterations may serve as potential biomarkers for PCOS.
  • The study suggests a possible link between circulating androgens and protein glycosylation in PCOS, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts.