Formulation and Characterization of Nutrient-Dense Medjool Date Bars: Integration of Proteins, Bioactives, and...

Area of Science:

• Food Science and Technology
• Nutritional Biochemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Medjool dates are rich in carbohydrates and minerals, offering potential as a base for functional foods.
• Valorization of date palm products can enhance agricultural economies.
• Whey proteins and milk protein concentrate are high-quality protein sources with functional properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and characterize nutrient-dense Medjool date-based bars (MDBs) using date paste and milk proteins.
• To evaluate the nutritional profile, including proximate composition, minerals, and amino acids.
• To assess the functional properties, antioxidant capacity, texture, and sensory acceptance of the MDBs.

Main Methods:

• Formulation of MDBs with Medjool date paste, whey protein isolate, and milk protein concentrate.
• Proximate analysis, mineral profiling, amino acid determination, and sugar analysis.
• Instrumental analyses: color, SEM, DSC, texture analysis; antioxidant assays: TPC, TFC, radical scavenging.
• Organoleptic evaluation and molecular docking studies.

Main Results:

• MDBs contained 19.32-26.78% crude protein, 10.96% fat, and 12.35-12.71% moisture, providing 414.72-416.04 Kcal 100 g^-1.
• Rich in minerals (K, Ca, P) and essential amino acids, surpassing hen's egg protein quality.
• High antioxidant content (phenolics, flavonoids) and radical scavenging capacity; stable texture and high sensory acceptance (87.63-93.28%).

Conclusions:

• Successfully developed shelf-stable, functional MDBs with excellent nutritional and functional properties.
• Demonstrated the potential of Medjool date paste as a carbohydrate source and milk proteins for protein enrichment.
• The study advances date palm valorization through the creation of appealing, high-value food products.