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AWG-Based Spectral Multiplexing for Unambiguous Range-Extended FMCW LiDAR.

Sangwon Park1, Sang Min Park2, Seongmun Jeong1

  • 1Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an extended-range Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system using spectral multiplexing. The novel approach significantly enhances measurable range and resolves distance ambiguity for improved 3D mapping.

Keywords:
FMCW LiDARspectral multiplexingunambiguous ranging

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Photonics
  • LiDAR Technology

Background:

  • Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) offers high-resolution, ambient light-robust distance measurement.
  • Current FMCW LiDAR faces range limitations due to laser coherence length and distance ambiguity from frequency issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an unambiguous, range-extended FMCW LiDAR system.
  • To overcome the inherent limitations of conventional FMCW LiDAR for greater application potential.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)-based spectral multiplexing to create multiple wavelength channels.
  • Utilizing sequentially designed optical path delays within the reference arm for independent interference signals.
  • Development of a channel-pair-based distance decoding algorithm to resolve ambiguity.

Main Results:

  • The proposed FMCW LiDAR system achieved an extended measurable range approximately five times greater than conventional systems.
  • High measurement accuracy was demonstrated through experimental validation.
  • Successful reconstruction of three-dimensional distance maps was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The AWG-based spectral multiplexing and decoding algorithm effectively extend FMCW LiDAR range and resolve ambiguity.
  • The system shows significant potential for advanced, extended-range FMCW LiDAR applications.
  • This technology enables more robust and precise 3D environmental sensing.