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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools
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Long-Range Source Localization in the Deep Sea Using Adaptive FDSL with a Few-Element Array.

Jingwen Yin1, Haklim Ko1, Hojun Lee1

  • 1Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New adaptive Frequency Difference Source Localization (FDSL) methods enhance deep-sea acoustic source localization. These techniques improve accuracy and reduce sidelobes, even with small arrays and low signal-to-noise ratios.

Keywords:
deep seafew elementsfrequency difference source localization (FDSL)long-range source localizationmatched field processing (MFP)minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR)multiple signal classification (MUSIC)

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean Acoustics
  • Signal Processing
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Matched Field Processing (MFP) struggles with environmental mismatch in deep-sea localization.
  • Frequency Difference Matched Field Processing (FDMFP) is limited by caustic phase effects.
  • Conventional Frequency Difference Source Localization (FDSL) requires large arrays, increasing costs and complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop improved FDSL methods for robust deep-sea source localization.
  • To address limitations of conventional FDSL in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and small-array scenarios.
  • To enhance resolution and suppress sidelobes in acoustic localization.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed adaptive FDSL-MVDR and FDSL-MUSIC methods.
  • Derived adaptive weight vectors using frequency-difference covariance structure.
  • Redefined ambiguity surface for improved localization accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Adaptive FDSL methods show superior peak sharpness and sidelobe suppression compared to conventional FDSL.
  • FDSL-MUSIC achieved 100% localization success at -5 dB SNR, a 4 dB improvement.
  • Methods demonstrated robust performance under environmental mismatches and with few-element arrays.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive FDSL methods significantly enhance deep-sea source localization performance.
  • The proposed techniques enable high-precision localization with cost-effective, small-aperture arrays.
  • Validated feasibility of high-resolution, low-SNR deep-sea acoustic localization.