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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana

Published on: May 21, 2019

Accelerating Resistance Breeding: Emerging Methods to Identify and Validate Plant Immunity Genes.

Ziyu Liu^1,2, Klaas Cloots^1,2, Koen Geuten^1,2

¹Unit of Molecular Biotechnology of Plants and Microorganisms, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 14, 2026

Summary

Novel functional genomics approaches accelerate the discovery of plant immunity genes, moving beyond traditional genetic association studies. These methods enhance disease resistance breeding by identifying crucial genes more efficiently.

Keywords:

CRISPR GWAS NLR omics plant immunity genes plant-pathogen interactions protoplasts resistance breeding

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Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

Area of Science:

Plant Pathology
Genetics
Genomics

Background:

Plant pathogens cause significant crop yield losses, necessitating effective disease resistance breeding.
Plant immunity relies on genes like nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pattern-recognition receptors (PRR).
Traditional genetic association studies have been successful but have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review emerging techniques for identifying and validating plant immunity genes.
To discuss how novel functional approaches accelerate resistance breeding.
To outline opportunities and future directions in plant immunity gene discovery.

Main Methods:

Mutagenesis with R gene enrichment sequencing (MutRenSeq).
Single-cell RNA sequencing.
Advances in RenSeq-derived methods, spatial omics, proximity labelling, computational prediction, CRISPR screens, and cell death assays.

Main Results:

MutRenSeq identified wheat resistance genes Sr22 and Sr45.
Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed ZmChit7 in maize epidermal and guard cells.
Emerging techniques offer advantages over traditional methods, including speed and mechanistic insights.

Conclusions:

Novel functional genomics approaches are reshaping plant resistance breeding pipelines.
These methods accelerate the identification and validation of causal variants for disease resistance.
Continued development and combination of these techniques are crucial for future plant breeding efforts.