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The Role of Obesity in the Association Between Alcohol Consumption and HDL-c Levels: Baependi Heart Study

Larissa Esthefani Barros Cirino1, Divanei Zaniqueli2, Oscar Geovanny Enriquez-Martinez3

  • 1Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Lipids
|March 14, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Moderate alcohol consumption boosts high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and lowers the risk of low HDL-c, but only in non-obese individuals. Obesity negates this beneficial effect on lipid profiles.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Nutritional Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a primary global cause of death, with dyslipidemia being a key factor.
  • The impact of alcohol consumption on lipid profiles, especially high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), concerning obesity status is not well understood.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for public health strategies targeting CVD prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and HDL-c levels.
  • To examine how obesity status modifies the relationship between alcohol intake and HDL-c.
  • To analyze lipid profiles and glucose levels in relation to alcohol consumption and obesity in a Brazilian population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 2345 participants from the Baependi Heart Study (aged 18-100 years).
  • Alcohol intake was categorized by weekly ethanol consumption.
  • HDL-c levels were measured using standard biochemical methods; statistical analyses explored interactions between obesity and alcohol consumption.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in total cholesterol, LDL-c, triacylglycerols, or fasting glucose across alcohol consumption groups.
  • A significant interaction between obesity and moderate alcohol consumption was observed (p=0.015).
  • Moderate alcohol consumers without obesity showed significantly higher HDL-c levels and reduced odds of low HDL-c (65% in women, 66% in men) compared to abstainers; no such association was found in obese individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with improved HDL-c levels and reduced risk of low HDL-c, specifically in non-obese individuals.
  • Obesity appears to attenuate the potential cardioprotective effects of moderate alcohol intake on lipid metabolism.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between alcohol, obesity, and lipid profiles, emphasizing the need for personalized health recommendations.

Keywords:
HDL cholesterolalcohol consumptioncardiovascular diseaseslipid profileobesity

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