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The Endocrine Giants of Chronic Kidney Disease
Sourabh Sharma1, Neha Sharma2, Sanjay Kalra3
1Department of Nephrology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Abstract:
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly being recognized as an endo-metabolic disorder in which a cascade of hormonal and electrolyte imbalances impacts the morbidity and mortality. We propose six "endocrine giants" of CKD- anaemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypovitaminosis D, hypogonadism, hyperkalaemia, and hyponatraemia- each exerting a detrimental effect on cardiovascular, skeletal, metabolic, and neurological health. Their early recognition and prompt management can attenuate downstream cardiometabolic sequelae. This "endocrine giants" framework provides an integrative approach to managing CKD as a multisystem endocrine disorder and offers practical direction for holistic nephrology care.
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The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...

