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Related Concept Videos

Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

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Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
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Relationship with Parents: Attachment01:28

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Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...
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Attachment01:20

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Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
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Fetal Circulation01:14

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

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Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
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"Understanding Fathers' Bonding With Preterm Infants: Influencing Fathers and Infants' Variables".

Nisreen Alnuaimi1, Lisa Bratzke1, Tonya Roberts1

  • 1School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing : JSPN
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fathers of preterm infants in the NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) show average bonding levels. Low income, prior preterm births, and multiple births are linked to lower father-infant bonding.

Keywords:
NICUbondingfatherspreterm infants

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Parent-infant bonding
  • Psychosocial support

Background:

  • Fathers' bonding with preterm infants in NICUs is crucial but not well understood.
  • Identifying at-risk fathers is essential for timely nursing interventions.
  • This study addresses the gap in knowledge regarding paternal bonding with preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the bonding levels of fathers with preterm infants in NICUs.
  • To examine associations between father and infant variables and paternal bonding.
  • To inform nursing practices for supporting fathers of preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study involving 396 fathers.
  • Data collected via self-reported measures, including the Paternal Postnatal Attachment Scale.
  • Quantitative design used to analyze father and infant variables and bonding.

Main Results:

  • The average bonding score for fathers of preterm infants was 73.12 ± 10.32.
  • Significant associations found between low bonding and low household income, previous preterm infants, and multiple births.
  • These factors highlight specific groups of fathers at higher risk for suboptimal bonding.

Conclusions:

  • There is a clear need for enhanced support for fathers bonding with preterm infants in NICUs.
  • Nurses can implement screening tools to identify at-risk fathers.
  • Interventions such as social support referrals can improve paternal bonding outcomes.