Perceived age discrimination and cognitive function in older Korean adults: a cross-sectional study

Previous studies demonstrate positive links between perceived age discrimination and psychological risks; little remains known about their role in cognitive health. This study examined associations between perceived age discrimination and cognitive function among older Koreans, addressing cognitive decline as a public health concern.

The sample comprised 9885 adults aged ≥65 years from the 2020 National Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Older Koreans, after excluding proxy responses and non-responses. Perceived age discrimination was assessed with seven yes/no questions across multiple settings. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening. Chi-squared test, t-tests, hierarchical multiple regression, and logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Among participants, 40.5% reported experiences of age discrimination at least once in the previous year. After adjustment for covariates, perceived age discrimination was significantly associated with poorer cognitive function (p < 0.001) and greater odds of cognitive impairment suggestive of dementia (odds ratio = 1.174, p < 0.001).

This study underscores the importance of addressing ageism at a societal level to preserve cognitive function later in life. Findings highlight the need for public health interventions and policies targeting ageism as a potentially modifiable psychosocial factor in preventing cognitive impairment.