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A rapid multi-defect imaging method for composite plates using air-coupled ultrasonic guided waves based on

Yuan Liu1, Jielin Wang1, Liuwei Huang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China.

Ultrasonics
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method for quickly detecting multiple defects in carbon fiber composite plates using air-coupled ultrasonic guided waves and a Siamese network. The technique improves accuracy and efficiency for aircraft structural health monitoring.

Keywords:
Composite materialsDamage probability imagingNon-contact air-coupled ultrasonic guided wave detectionSiamese network

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Non-Destructive Testing

Background:

  • Carbon fiber composites are crucial for aircraft lightweighting.
  • Advanced aircraft designs necessitate rapid, accurate detection of multiple, micro-scale defects.
  • Traditional methods struggle with accuracy and automation for complex defect scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, automated imaging detection method for multiple defects in composite plates.
  • To enhance the accuracy of defect detection and localization compared to existing techniques.
  • To improve the efficiency of structural health monitoring in aviation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized air-coupled ultrasonic guided waves for defect detection.
  • Developed a multi-scale interactive Siamese network for automatic feature extraction and damage indexing.
  • Employed numerical simulations to optimize guided wave propagation parameters.
  • Constructed probability damage curves and imaging matrices for defect visualization.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method effectively distinguishes healthy from damaged areas, suppressing artifacts.
  • Achieved maximum central positioning errors of 1.8 mm (simulated damage), 5.5 mm (delamination), and 3 mm (multi-defect).
  • Increased scanning efficiency by approximately 168.9% per unit time compared to point-by-point C scanning.

Conclusions:

  • The multi-scale interactive Siamese network offers a rapid and accurate solution for multi-defect imaging in composite structures.
  • This method meets the demands for efficient screening and preliminary diagnosis of damage in large aircraft components.
  • The approach shows significant potential for advancing structural health monitoring in the aerospace industry.