Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.5K

Analysis of reliability between pharmacists when using the pediatric prescription optimization tool (GOPP Tool) in

Doffou Elisée1, Danho Pascal Abrogoua1

  • 1Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Cocody University Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

La Tunisie Medicale
|March 15, 2026
PubMed

Insights

The GOPP tool reliably detects inappropriate prescriptions (IP) and omission of prescriptions (OP) in pediatric care in Côte d'Ivoire. Pharmacist agreement was high, confirming its utility for prescription analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Inappropriate prescriptions (IP) and omission of prescriptions (OP) contribute to adverse events in pediatric patients.
  • The pediatric prescription optimization grid (GOPP tool) was developed to address IP and OP in the Ivorian pediatric setting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the inter-user reliability of the GOPP tool among pharmacists for detecting IP and OP.
  • To evaluate the GOPP tool's effectiveness within the Ivorian hospital context.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study analyzed treatments of 881 pediatric patients.
  • Thirty cases with identified IP or OP were independently reviewed by ten pharmacists and interns using the GOPP tool.
  • Inter-user reliability was quantified using the kappa (κ) agreement test.

Main Results:

  • The GOPP tool identified 50 inappropriate prescriptions (IP) and 6 omissions of prescriptions (OP) in the reference group.
  • Median agreement levels for IP and OP detection by evaluators were very good (Kappa=0.92) and good (Kappa=0.77), respectively.
  • Evaluators had no prior experience with the GOPP tool.

Conclusions:

  • The GOPP tool demonstrates high reliability for IP and OP detection by pharmacists in the Ivorian hospital environment.
  • The GOPP tool is suitable for routine pharmaceutical analysis of pediatric prescriptions in Côte d'Ivoire.
  • This tool enhances medication safety in pediatric care.
Abstract

Keywords:
Inter-user reliabilityclinical pharmacyinappropriate prescribingomission of prescribing

More Related Videos

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

19.4K
Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump06:08

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

Published on: March 11, 2017

11.2K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
351
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
895
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
419
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
636
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
312
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
682