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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

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Long-Range Bulk-Like Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction Enables Stabilized 3D Magnetic Textures.

Bo Li1,2, Kelian Lin1,2,3, Kun Zhang1,2

  • 1Fert Beijing Research Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 16, 2026
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Researchers developed a novel bulk-like interlayer DMI (BIL-DMI) in gradient magnetic multilayers, enabling long-range vertical chirality for 3D topological magnetic textures. This breakthrough paves the way for advanced magnonic circuits.

Keywords:
3D topological magnetic texturesDzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interactiongradient multilayersmagnetic chiralitysymmetry breaking

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is crucial for stabilizing chiral spin textures.
  • Existing DMI methods (interfacial, bulk, interlayer) lack simultaneous long-range and vertical chirality, limiting 3D topological magnetic texture applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve a novel bulk-like interlayer DMI (BIL-DMI) effect.
  • To engineer long-range vertical chirality in 3D topological magnetic textures.
  • To explore applications in next-generation magnonic circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of gradient magnetic multilayers with engineered in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) symmetry breaking.
  • Experimental characterization of BIL-DMI effective fields.
  • Development of a continuum model to explain BIL-DMI mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of unprecedented long-range vertical chirality via BIL-DMI.
  • Observation of unique linear dependence of OOP effective field on external magnetic fields.
  • Theoretical stabilization of 3D transverse skyrmion/bimeron strings for magnonic circuits.

Conclusions:

  • BIL-DMI provides a long-range IL-DMI effect through gradient engineering.
  • This discovery offers a new platform for investigating and applying 3D topological magnetic textures.
  • Enables novel 3D chiral spin textures for advanced spintronic devices.