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Related Concept Videos

Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

52
The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
52
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

156
The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
156
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

53.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

26.6K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.5K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.5K
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

3.4K
The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Self-Adaptive Superionic Electrolytes via Multiple-Cation Modulation for All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Zhiying He1,2, Tao Yu1,2, Lixin Liang3

  • 1Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel argyrodite solid-state electrolyte with silver and tungsten enhances lithium-metal battery safety and performance. This dual-cation approach stabilizes interfaces, enabling stable cycling and high energy density for next-generation batteries.

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • All-solid-state lithium-metal batteries promise high energy density and safety.
  • Interfacial instability at the lithium metal/electrolyte interface hinders practical application, especially under high current densities.
  • Current stabilization methods are complex and costly, necessitating simpler electrolyte design strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple yet effective solid-state electrolyte design for improved interfacial stability and ionic conductivity.
  • To investigate the in situ modification of the lithium metal anode and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) using a novel electrolyte composition.
  • To advance the practical application of all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries through enhanced performance and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a multiple-cation-presetting (Ag and W) argyrodite solid-state electrolyte.
  • In situ analysis of interfacial reactions and lithium metal anode modification during battery cycling.
  • Electrochemical testing of lithium symmetric cells and Li//LiNi$_{0.8}$Co$_{0.1}$Mn$_{0.1}$O$_{2}$ full cells under various conditions.

Main Results:

  • The developed electrolyte exhibits superionic conductivity (>10 mS cm$^{-1}$) and enhanced interfacial stability.
  • In situ formation of a uniform Li-Ag alloy on the anode and a conductive LiWS$_{2}$ layer in the SEI.
  • Sustained cycling of Li symmetric cells over 4000 h at 0.5 mA cm$^{-2}$ and 1000 h at 1 mA cm$^{-2}$.
  • Full cells show 82.7% capacity retention after 1100 cycles at 2C, with stable operation at high areal loading and low temperatures (-30 °C).

Conclusions:

  • The dual-cation argyrodite electrolyte effectively stabilizes the lithium metal interface through in situ anode modification.
  • This strategy significantly improves the cycling stability, rate capability, and operational range of all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries.
  • The scalable dual-cation modulation offers a general route for designing advanced solid-state electrolytes for next-generation energy storage devices.