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The Cone Optoretinogram as a Function of Retinal Eccentricity.

Raymond L Warner¹, Peiluo Xu², David H Brainard³

¹Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

|March 16, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study measured cone photoreceptor function across the retina using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Population cone optoretinogram amplitudes decrease with retinal eccentricity, providing normative data for disease biomarker development.

Keywords:

adaptive optics ophthalmic imaging optoretinography

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) enables en face imaging of the living retina.
Optoretinography (ORG) quantifies cone photoreceptor function by measuring intensity changes during visual stimulation.
Establishing normative ORG data across retinal eccentricity is crucial for its use as a disease biomarker.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure population cone optoretinogram (ORG) amplitudes across retinal eccentricity in normal-sighted individuals.
To establish normative optoretinographic data for potential use as a biomarker in retinal diseases.
To investigate the relationship between ORG amplitude and outer retinal thickness.

Main Methods:

Utilized a custom adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO).
Measured cone optoretinogram (ORG) amplitudes in ~1° by 1° patches across retinal eccentricity.
Aggregated signals from multiple cones to derive population ORG amplitudes.
Correlated ORG amplitudes with outer retinal thickness measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).

Main Results:

Average population ORG amplitudes significantly decreased with increasing retinal eccentricity in all participants.
Individual variations in the pattern of ORG amplitude decrease were observed.
ORG amplitudes showed a positive correlation with outer retinal thickness, which also decreased with eccentricity.

Conclusions:

Characterizing population cone ORG as a function of eccentricity provides essential normative data.
This normative data is a critical step towards utilizing optoretinography as a biomarker for photoreceptor function in retinal diseases.
The correlation with OCT measurements supports the functional significance of these findings.