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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
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CRLF1 Secreted by Cardiac Fibroblasts Promotes Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Bowen Lin1,2, Jizheng Wang3,4, Can Li1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Cardiology (B.L., C.L., M.S., L.H., L.C., J.Y., D.S., Y.-H.C.), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Circulation
|March 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel paracrine factor, cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1), drives cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This nongenetic mechanism offers a potential universal therapeutic target for diverse HCM cases.

Keywords:
cardiomyopathiescardiomyopathy, hypertrophicfibroblasts

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited heart disorder with significant genetic and clinical variability.
  • While sarcomere gene mutations explain many HCM cases, nearly half of patients lack identified genetic defects, suggesting unknown pathogenic pathways.
  • A unified molecular basis for HCM pathogenesis remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) pathogenesis, particularly in genetically heterogeneous cases.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets for HCM by exploring common pathogenic pathways.
  • To evaluate the role of cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) in driving cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated analysis of hypertrophied interventricular septum tissues from 269 obstructive HCM patients.
  • Targeted sarcomere gene screening, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis.
  • Cross-species validation using a mouse model, biochemical assays, and gain/loss-of-function studies.

Main Results:

  • Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1), secreted by cardiac fibroblasts, was identified as a key paracrine factor promoting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in HCM.
  • Elevated CRLF1 levels were observed in hypertrophied myocardium and circulation across genetically diverse HCM patients.
  • CRLF1 activates the LIFR-JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway, driving hypertrophy in both murine and human models; its ablation or pathway inhibition attenuated disease phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • A common, nongenetic paracrine mechanism involving CRLF1 contributes to HCM pathogenesis.
  • CRLF1 represents a promising universal therapeutic target for the heterogeneous spectrum of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • Targeting the CRLF1 pathway could offer a novel treatment strategy for HCM patients lacking identifiable genetic defects.