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Advances in Coumarin-Based Dual-Mode Probes for Bioimaging and Cytotoxicity Evaluation: A Review
Muhanad Alhujaily1, Mushabbab Alahmari2,3, Abdulaziz Asiri4
1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry
|March 16, 2026
Summary
Coumarin derivatives are versatile dual-mode probes for detecting metal(II) ions. These probes enable colorimetric and fluorescence detection, with applications in cytotoxicity evaluation and live-cell imaging across various cell lines and organisms.
Area of Science:
- Chemical Biology
- Molecular Probes
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Coumarin derivatives are highly versatile fluorophores with a compact structure amenable to functional modification.
- Dual-mode probes offer both colorimetric and fluorescence outputs, enhancing detection capabilities.
- Coumarin-based sensors are increasingly utilized for detecting biologically and environmentally relevant metal(II) ions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review advancements in coumarin-based dual-mode probes developed between 2018 and 2025.
- To focus on structural design, sensing performance for metal(II) ions, biological compatibility, and imaging applications.
- To highlight applications in diverse cell lines and whole-organism models.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of coumarin-based dual-mode probes from 2018-2025.
- Analysis of probe structural modifications and their impact on sensing performance.
- Evaluation of biological compatibility and imaging utility in various cellular and organismal models.
Main Results:
- Coumarin probes demonstrate significant utility in cytotoxicity evaluation and live-cell imaging.
- Successful intracellular metal(II) ion visualization has been achieved across numerous cell lines (e.g., HepG2, HeLa, MCF-7).
- Applications extend to whole-organism imaging in model organisms like *C. elegans* and zebrafish.
Conclusions:
- Coumarin-based dual-mode probes are effective tools for metal(II) ion sensing and bioimaging.
- Their adaptability allows for rational design tailored to specific biological and environmental applications.
- Continued development promises expanded utility in chemical biology and diagnostics.
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