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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Diagnosing quantum channel decoherence via vector coherent mode decomposition.

Kenneth A Menard

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |March 17, 2026
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new method, Vector Coherent Mode Decomposition (VCMD), to understand how atmospheric turbulence affects high-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD). VCMD reveals the specific spatial errors, improving quantum communication security.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Physics
    • Atmospheric Optics

    Background:

    • High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) is susceptible to atmospheric turbulence.
    • Turbulence scrambles spatial modes, degrading quantum channel fidelity.
    • Existing methods lack general approaches to diagnose decoherence in HD-QKD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and validate the Vector Coherent Mode Decomposition (VCMD) as a diagnostic tool for turbulent quantum channels.
    • To quantify the impact of atmospheric turbulence on spatial modes in HD-QKD.
    • To provide a complete modal fingerprint of decoherence mechanisms.

    Main Methods:

    • Simulated a qudit state propagating through a turbulent channel.
    • Applied the VCMD numerical framework to analyze the decoherence.
    • Validated VCMD accuracy against benchmark cases, including 'Masked Gaussian' beams and optical skyrmions.

    Main Results:

    • VCMD successfully quantified the decay of channel fidelity.
    • Identified the exact spatial structure of dominant error modes caused by turbulence.
    • Demonstrated VCMD's effectiveness in characterizing decoherence in a practical, basis-independent manner.

    Conclusions:

    • VCMD offers a powerful, practical framework for diagnosing decoherence in turbulent quantum channels.
    • This method overcomes limitations of conventional, basis-dependent approaches for HD-QKD.
    • Provides crucial insights into physical error modes for enhancing quantum communication stability.