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    Achieving ultra-stable lasers requires better noise suppression. This study optimized a dual feedback loop, improving laser noise suppression by three orders of magnitude for 10-18 level stability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Laser Technology

    Background:

    • Ultra-stable lasers are crucial for scientific advancements, with current systems achieving 10-17 fractional frequency stability.
    • Reaching the 10-18 level necessitates frequency stabilization servo controllers with enhanced noise suppression over a wider bandwidth.
    • External-cavity semiconductor lasers commonly use combined current and PZT frequency modulation for stabilization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and improve the performance limitations of dual feedback loop stabilization systems for ultra-stable lasers.
    • To enhance noise suppression capabilities, particularly below 10 kHz, for achieving 10-18 level frequency stability.
    • To adapt and apply the developed methods to newer semiconductor laser stabilization techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a dedicated loop analyzer and IQ demodulation for detailed transfer function measurements of individual stages and the closed-loop system.
    • Focused on analyzing performance limitations within the 10 kHz frequency range.
    • Optimized the feedback path of the dual feedback loop.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a three-orders-of-magnitude improvement in laser noise suppression at 1 kHz.
    • Reduced the contribution of residual laser frequency noise below 10 kHz to 4.4×10-19 fractional frequency stability at one second.
    • Demonstrated the applicability of the method to semiconductor lasers using solely current frequency modulation.

    Conclusions:

    • The optimized feedback path significantly enhances noise suppression, paving the way for 10-18 level ultra-stable lasers.
    • The developed measurement and optimization techniques are valuable for advancing laser frequency stabilization.
    • The proposed method offers a pathway for improving stability in various semiconductor laser systems.