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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
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Quad-directional coaxial telescope for non-scanning common-path wind LiDAR.

Jiali Zhu, Jun Xie, Ping Zhang

    Applied Optics
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    A new quad-directional coaxial telescope for wind LiDAR offers a compact, cost-effective solution. This non-scanning system achieves 3D wind vector measurements over 400m, balancing performance, size, and cost.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric physics
    • Optical engineering
    • Remote sensing technology

    Background:

    • Wind Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems use the Doppler effect for wind velocity measurement.
    • The optical system is critical for wind LiDAR performance, size, and cost.
    • Optimizing these factors in non-scanning configurations presents a significant engineering challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate a novel quad-directional coaxial telescope prototype.
    • To address performance-cost-size trade-offs in non-scanning common-path wind LiDAR.
    • To enable high-performance, compact, and cost-effective optical transceiver solutions.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed and fabricated a quad-directional coaxial telescope prototype.
    • Optimized the design for thermal-mechanical stability and fabrication tolerances.
    • Quantified wavefront distortion using phase-shifting Fizeau interferometry.
    • Conducted field experiments for 3D wind vector measurements.

    Main Results:

    • The telescope achieved an F/3.9, a 15° field of view, and a 7.802 µm spot diameter.
    • Wavefront distortion was measured below λ/14, meeting coaxial alignment standards.
    • Demonstrated 3D wind vector measurements exceeding 400m range without scanning.

    Conclusions:

    • The quad-directional coaxial telescope is a viable solution for non-scanning common-path wind LiDAR.
    • The design successfully balances optical performance, manufacturing feasibility, and system constraints.
    • Validated as a high-performance, compact, and cost-effective optical transceiver.