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A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats

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Short-Term Moderately High-Fat Diet Has No Effect on Physical Performance.

Michael Alan Dawson¹, Claire C Whitney¹, Tshinanne V Ndou²

¹Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|March 17, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A short-term moderately high-fat diet (MHF) did not impact physical performance in healthy adults. This finding is crucial for military personnel and first responders needing to optimize energy intake without compromising physical capabilities.

Keywords:

MACRONUTRIENT MILITARY PERFORMANCE TACTICAL ATHLETE

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Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Sports Nutrition
Human Performance
Dietary Interventions

Background:

Military personnel and first responders have high energy demands and may face inadequate energy intake.
Short-term high-fat diets are explored to increase energy intake, but their effect on performance is debated.
Previous research shows conflicting results regarding short-term vs. longer-term high-fat diets on endurance performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of a 5-day moderately high-fat diet (MHF) versus a standard fat diet (SF) on physical performance.
To compare the effects of MHF (40% fat) and SF (30% fat) diets on various physical performance metrics.
To determine if short-term increases in dietary fat alter physical performance in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

A randomized crossover study involving 20 healthy adults.
Participants consumed controlled, isocaloric, protein-matched MHF and SF diets for 5 days each, with a washout period.
Physical performance was assessed using vertical jump, 4-mile time trial, time to exhaustion, and the Army Combat Fitness Test.

Main Results:

The MHF diet significantly increased fat intake (41% vs. 30%) and decreased carbohydrate intake (40% vs. 52%) compared to the SF diet.
Total energy intake remained similar between the MHF and SF diet interventions.
No significant differences were observed in any physical performance measures between the MHF and SF diet conditions.

Conclusions:

Short-term consumption of a moderately high-fat diet does not impair physical performance.
A 5-day MHF diet neither improved nor worsened key physical performance indicators.
Dietary fat manipulation for short durations may not be a detrimental strategy for physical performance in active populations.