Mediators of the bidirectional association between depression and relationship satisfaction among older adults

Although there is robust evidence of bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and intimate relationship challenges, modifiable mechanisms underlying these associations over time remain unclear. The present study tested three specific modifiable behaviors-constructive communication, received partner support, and time spent in couple activities-potentially linking depression and relationship satisfaction over the course of 4 months among older adults. A national sample of older adults (aged 60+; M_age = 66.01 years) in committed relationships (N = 398) reported their depressive symptoms, relationship satisfaction, and the mechanisms of interest at baseline, 2-month follow-up, and 4-month follow-up in online surveys. Results from path models indicated that constructive communication was the most consistent factor explaining these associations: Worse communication at 2 months explained the association between (a) lower relationship satisfaction at baseline and higher depression at 4 months and (b) higher depression at baseline and lower relationship satisfaction at 4 months. Evidence for the role of received partner support was more limited, and sometimes in directions counter to hypotheses. Less time spent in enjoyable couple activities also emerged as a significant mechanism linking higher depression to lower satisfaction in some models. Together, these findings offer novel insights into some relationship processes that contribute to the cycle of relationship and mental health challenges among older adults and may inform interventions to enhance their relational and individual health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).