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Two dimensional layered double hydroxides augment antigen loading and release.

Ashtami Jayakumar¹, Christina Kuruvilla², Maggie Paulose³

¹Sree Chithra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA; Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.

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|March 17, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) offer enhanced protein delivery. Specific ZnAl and MgAl LDHs show high encapsulation efficiency, improved cellular uptake, and sustained release, outperforming traditional alum adjuvants.

Keywords:

2D material Cancer immunotherapy Drug loading Drug release Layered double hydroxide

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Published on: April 29, 2015

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are nanoscale anionic clays with potential in medicine.
Their layered structure and positive surface charge make them suitable for biomolecule delivery.
The influence of LDH metal composition on protein delivery remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how different LDH metal compositions affect protein encapsulation, cellular uptake, and release kinetics.
To compare the performance of various LDHs with the commercial adjuvant alum.
To identify optimal LDH formulations for enhanced drug delivery applications.

Main Methods:

Synthesized eight different LDHs using coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods.
Loaded LDHs with ovalbumin (OVA) and compared encapsulation efficiency with alum.
Assessed cellular uptake of LDH-OVA complexes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and spleen cells.
Monitored OVA release kinetics from LDHs and alum over 48 hours.

Main Results:

ZnAl and MgAl LDHs demonstrated over 80% OVA encapsulation efficiency.
ZnAl LDHs exhibited a ~15% higher OVA-loading capacity compared to alum.
LDH-OVA complexes showed significantly faster and greater cellular uptake than OVA or OVA-alum.
LDHs exhibited sustained OVA release (54-65% over 48h) compared to alum (82% over 48h).

Conclusions:

LDH metal composition critically influences protein delivery characteristics.
ZnAl and MgAl LDHs serve as effective nanocarriers for protein delivery, enhancing encapsulation and cellular uptake.
LDHs provide a sustained release profile, suggesting potential for improved therapeutic efficacy compared to alum.