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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
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Evolutionary implications of plant host interactions with a generalist pathogen.

Hanna Märkle1,2, Theo L Gibbs1, Joy Bergelson1,2

  • 1Department of Biology, New York University Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York, NY, USA.

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Summary

Shared generalist pathogens can maintain diverse resistance (R) gene polymorphisms across related host species. Alternative host proportions influence R gene evolution, potentially leading to trans-specific R gene polymorphism.

Keywords:
frequency-dependent selectionhost–pathogen interactionsplant resistance genestrans-specific polymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Plant pathology
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Host-pathogen interactions drive the evolution of resistance (R) genes and their polymorphisms.
  • Some R genes display strong balancing selection and trans-specific polymorphism.
  • Understanding the influence of alternative hosts on R gene evolution is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model how shared host-pathogen interactions shape R gene repertoires and polymorphism in two related host species.
  • To identify conditions favoring the maintenance of trans-specific R gene polymorphism.
  • To investigate the impact of host population proportions on R gene evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simple mathematical model of host-pathogen interactions.
  • Simulated interactions between two closely related host species and a single generalist pathogen.
  • Analyzed R gene dynamics, polymorphism maintenance, and fixation patterns under varying host proportions.

Main Results:

  • Interactions with a generalist pathogen more effectively sustain polymorphism at shared R genes than at private R genes.
  • Shared R genes can lead to trans-specific resistance gene polymorphism.
  • Increased prevalence of one host species favors private resistance fixation in the less common host, as the pathogen adapts.

Conclusions:

  • Shared generalist pathogens play a key role in maintaining trans-specific R gene polymorphism.
  • Host population dynamics significantly influence the evolution of private resistance genes.
  • The model provides insights into R gene evolution shaped by pathogen adaptation to alternative hosts.