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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Fabrication of Silica Ultra High Quality Factor Microresonators
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Fabrication of Silica Ultra High Quality Factor Microresonators

Published on: July 2, 2012

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Silica distributed-feedback fiber laser beyond 2.1 µm.

Jindan Shi, Wei Lv, Zhenzhen Zhang

    Optics Express
    |March 18, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Monolithic 2-µm single-frequency linearly-polarized gain-switched distributed feedback fiber laser by femtosecond laser direct-writing.

    Optics express·2023

    Researchers developed a novel silica-based distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser, achieving the longest wavelength yet for this type of laser at 2112 nm. This breakthrough offers new possibilities for remote sensing and biological applications requiring specific wavelengths.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Fiber Lasers
    • Laser Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • High-performance lasers operating in the 2.1-2.2 µm atmospheric window are crucial for remote sensing.
    • Applications in biological sciences require lasers for detecting C-H bond signatures.
    • Silica-based distributed feedback (DFB) fiber lasers have not previously operated beyond 2.1 µm.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the first silica-based DFB fiber laser operating beyond 2.1 µm.
    • To demonstrate a gain-switched nanosecond pulsed laser output at 2112 nm.
    • To characterize the laser's performance, including wavelength, power, efficiency, and polarization.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an ultra-short cavity DFB fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in a thulium-doped fiber (TDF) using femtosecond laser inscription.

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  • Utilizing a 1.55 µm nanosecond-pulsed fiber laser as the pump source with an inband resonant pumping scheme.
  • Confirmation of single longitudinal mode operation using a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer (SFPI).

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a laser output at 2112 nm, the longest wavelength reported for a silica-based DFB fiber laser.
    • Obtained a maximum average power of 22.5 mW and a slope efficiency of 4.2% at an absorbed pump power of 650 mW.
    • Measured a polarization extinction ratio (PER) of >18 dB from the non-PM-TDF-based DFB laser.
    • Deduced pulse energy of 450 nJ and peak power of 29.5 W with a pulse width of 15.2 ns.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed silica-based DFB fiber laser successfully operates beyond 2.1 µm, marking a significant advancement.
    • The laser exhibits single longitudinal mode operation and good polarization characteristics.
    • Future work suggests potential for higher peak power (>100 W) and shorter pulse durations (<20 ns) with optimized pumping and FBGs.