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Translation, validation, and test-retest reliability of the foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scale in
Vanshika Uppal1, Sunita Sharma1, Yashica Sharma1
1Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana 133207, India.
Background:
The foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) scale is a patient-reported outcome measure used to assess lower extremity functional status in a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. It was first created in English (E-FAAM) to gauge its applicability across several languages, and other translations are accessible in different languages.
Objectives:
This study aimed to translate the English version of the FAAM into Hindi (H-FAAM), evaluate its content validity, conduct cross-cultural adaptation, and assess its test-retest reliability.
Method:
Following Beaton guidelines, the translation process involved forward and backward translations by two bilingual translators and a pain specialist, with approval from the original developers. Content validation was conducted using the Delphi method, involving 10 experts with over five years of experience. Cross-cultural adaptation was assessed with 30 outpatient participants who provided feedback on the clarity and relevance of the H-FAAM items. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in 51 patients, with responses collected at two time points.
Results:
Of the 21 items in the H-FAAM, 19 achieved universal agreement (100% consensus), while two items received 80% agreement, indicating strong content validity overall. Cross-cultural adaptation was well-received, with 28 out of 30 patients providing positive feedback on the clarity and understanding of the scale. Test-retest reliability was excellent, with Cronbach's alpha and ICC values of 0.94 CONCLUSION: The Hindi version of the FAAM (H-FAAM) demonstrated excellent content validity and test-retest reliability, making it a reliable tool for assessing in native Hindi-speaking populations.
