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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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Patellar Instability: A Narrative Review with an Integrated Treatment Algorithm.

Joseph Mouawad1,2, Joeffroy Otayek1,2, Youssef Jamaleddine1,2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.

Orthopedic Research and Reviews
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patellar instability, common in young athletes, stems from anatomical and biomechanical issues. Personalized treatment, often surgical, is key for long-term patellofemoral joint health.

Keywords:
MPFL reconstructionpatella altapatellar instabilitypediatric patellar instabilitytibial tubercle osteotomytrochleoplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Patellar instability involves recurrent patellar dislocation or subluxation, frequently impacting young, athletic individuals.
  • Symptoms include apprehension, swelling, and fear of re-injury, arising from anatomical, soft tissue, and biomechanical factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on patellar instability, covering pathoanatomy, diagnosis, and management.
  • To provide an up-to-date overview for clinicians, including considerations for skeletally immature patients.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of orthopedic literature was performed.
  • Key areas included anatomical risk factors, diagnostic tools, classification systems, and treatment algorithms, integrating classical and recent findings.

Main Results:

  • Accurate identification of factors like trochlear dysplasia and TT-TG distance is crucial for management.
  • Conservative care suits first-time dislocators without risk factors; recurrent cases need tailored surgery (e.g., MPFL reconstruction, osteotomy).
  • For skeletally immature patients, physeal-sparing techniques are vital to prevent growth disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • A patient-specific,
  • à la carte
  • approach based on thorough assessment optimizes outcomes.
  • Integrating anatomical, biomechanical, and developmental factors is essential for effective treatment and joint preservation.